Theory of Everything (TOE)

Theory of Everything (TOE)

Theory of Everything (TOE), the theory of everything, or super-symmetry theory, is a treasure that is still hidden; a sort of "holy grail" in the myth that has been continuously sought by physicists theory. ToE is a theory that combines four fundamental forces of the universe. Named four basic styles / fourth basic interaction because interaction is responsible for all the forces that can be observed in the universe. The fourth of these interactions is the strong interaction, the weak interaction, electromagnetic interaction and the gravitational interaction.

The strength of the interaction with each other interaction is distinguished by a very large value. Strong interaction, the interaction between the nuclei that describes the style resulting in stability of atomic nuclei have about 100 times the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. The weak interaction is an explanatory for the interaction between charged particles so that the force generated can be of attraction or repulsion. The weak interaction has about 1010 times the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. Electromagnetic interaction is the interaction that explains the Beta decay, particles and nuclei. Finally, the gravitational interaction that has 1040 times the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. These interactions regulate the interaction that works on all objects that have mass in a style that is always interesting attraction.

 Four fundamental forces

Four fundamental forces that until now still can not be integrated into a single theory to produce a Theory of Everything. Though ToE is the long-awaited theory because this theory will be able to give a complete picture of our universe; how it began and how it will eventually come to an end. We know that the universe came from a big bang (big bang) that occurred billions of years ago. Also included in the big bang singularity. We can not know what happened to the time interval between 0 seconds to 10-43 seconds after the big bang. The time interval that is the task ToE. At present we can only find out - partly through the building theories - about what happened afterwards.

At the time lapse between 10-43 seconds to 10-35 seconds - refers to the hot big bang models, a model that explains that initially had a very high temperature which then cools rapidly - temperature of the universe dropped from 1032 into 1028 degrees Kelvin Kelvin, and energy levels dropped from 1028 eV (electron volts) to 1024 eV. At the beginning of 10-35 seconds after the Big Bang, the universe energy is no longer sufficient to maintain the strong interaction that strong interactions are frozen (experience a loss of energy). The remaining weak interactions will also be frozen in one second after the Big Bang leaving only the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. Furthermore, starting from 180 seconds to 100,000 years after the Big Bang, and energy levels dropped again to 13.6 eV, the electromagnetic interactions frozen due to the formation of neutral atoms. From then on, the interaction gravitasilah play, and the universe, galaxies, stars, and planets, and life began to take shape. The next story Reflection let his business blog :). If here, we just talk about their physical aspect alone.

It is difficult to make a single theory completely. So, instead, scientists have formulated a number of theories partially (per section) of the unified theory. However, in the end we still hope to be able to find a unified theory that complete and consistent that includes all the existing partial theories. However, efforts in this direction is not at all easy. Einstein spent the last years of his life in a vain attempt to find a unified theory. But, when it was the time probably is not ready. Still very little is known about nuclear power at that time. Moreover, Einstein refused to believe in the reality of quantum mechanics, even though quantum mechanics proved to play an important role in the development of this theory. Until now seen that uncertainty is an important and fundamental part of the universe in which we live. A successful unified theory must be located in the parts of these principles.

Hopes to find a unified theory look more realistic now, because we have to know more about the universe. But we ought not to be too confident yet. From previous experiences, several times scientists felt it was close to the end of the search of the laws of science, yet precisely realize their subsequent discovery that indeed they still do not move anywhere.

However, some scientists such as Stephen Hawking and others believe that the end of this search just a matter of time, and probably will not be too long time again. We have had a number of partial theories. We've got the theory of general relativity, the partial theory of gravity, the theory of the strong interaction and weak partial, as well as partial electromagnetic theory. Three of the last interaction can be combined into a Grand Unified Theory (GUT). It is not enough to form ToE because the theory does not include the gravitational interaction. The difficulty of finding a theory that unifies gravity with the other forces is that the theory of general relativity (which describes the influence of the gravitational field in all processes of physics) is the classical theory. In this case, general relativity does not take part in the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. In contrast, the other partial theories depend on how essential in quantum mechanics. As an initial step, we could combine the theory of general relativity with the uncertainty principle, but this process will produce some remarkable consequences that may be contrary to the common perception of physics.

Currently, the strongest candidates from ToE is superstring theory (superstrings). In this theory, everything in the universe - all the elementary particles and interactions, and even space-time itself - is seen as a string of less than 10-33 cm, but it has a very large voltage. These strings vibrate and rotate in a multi-dimensional universe. One additional dimension - in addition to the dimensions of length, width, depth, and time - mathematically necessary to avoid tachyons (particles moving faster than light) and ghosts (particles produced from negative probability). These additional dimensions and then compressed and twisted in the form of tiny circles that can not be observed. Different elementary particles are associated with an oscillating strings with different levels. [if this section may seem absurd, then for you, I say "Welcome to the jungle": D]. This theory allows the incorporation of the gravitational field with the three other interactions. However, until now, no single theory that is truly reliable way to combine the four types of interaction, because until now no convincing theory that is able to explain the existence of quantum gravity.

But, can there really is a unified theory of everything? Are we chasing a mirage? There are three possible answers to this question: First, there really is a complete unified theory that would be found at a time when we are really quite clever. Secondly, There is a final theory of the universe. There is only an infinite row of theories that try to describe the universe more accurately. And third, there are theories about the universe. The events can not be predicted by a theory but takes place through a random manner. Some people argue that the third possibility on the grounds that if the laws are organized into a complete, it would violate the freedom of God to change his mind and to organize the world. At first glance this is similar to the old paradox: Can God create a rock so big that He himself could not lift it?

History of how the universe formed - that if we put aside the role of God and religion - is a scientific study that has yet to reach the end goal, namely through a series of scientific methods, the development of models and theories as well as the application of advanced technology in making observations make us know how "the mind of God", or in other words, we can find a theory which contains an explanation of all things in nature. But knowing "the mind of God" is tantamount to position ourselves as God, and this is clearly contrary to the dogma of any religion.

There is an interesting story associated with it. In 1981, Hawking was invited by the late Pope Johanes Paulus II to attend a conference on cosmology in the Vatican. The Catholic Church has made a fatal mistake to Galileo when he chose to support his heliocentric theory of Copernicus. Now, after science proved sided with Galileo, the Church authorities ultimately decided that it would be better if only they invited the scientists to explain cosmology. On that occasion, Hawking presents his paper on superstring theory. But, perhaps fearing for in-Galileo-right because of his theory, Hawking deliberately presenting them in a mathematical form so that its implications on the role of God in the creation of the universe so invisible - at least in the eyes of the monks at the Vatican;).

At the end of the conference, the participants were allowed to listen to the speech of the Pope. On that occasion, the Pope stressed that it is not a problem if someone is interested and learned about the evolution of the universe after the big bang. But we should not inquire up to the big bang itself because it is God's business. No wonder if Hawking atheist was pleased that the Pope did not know the subject matter which he had just expressed. Imagine what the reaction to the Pope if he knows that the scientists were not merely interfering with the work of the Lord, but instead would try to know the mind of God!

GUT, or theory M (Master, Magic, or Miracle), or Theory of Everything (TOE), or whatever you call it, is considered by the public as a complete single theory that can be used as a means to explain everything. Can explain physical facts that have been observed and can also predict the physical facts that have not been observed. When we got there, that's when science ends an end to the human quest for thousands of years, we no longer need the presence of the creator, or at least we understand the way his mind.

But not like that among physicists. What they mean by M theory, or GUT or TOE is if the four fundamental forces can be united in a single theory. The fourth style is the style of the electromagnet, the force of gravity, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. The presence of these four forces initially only be described individually. Maxwell succeeded in uniting the electric force and the magnetic force into a single force that the electromagnetic force. Quantum mechanics has managed to unite the three styles of the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. so the remaining one, the gravity force. Until now, the best theory to explain the presence of the gravity force is Einstein's general relativity theory. So if quantum mechanics and general relativity can be united, that GUT theory M, TOE. A promising candidate is string theory.

But we need to remember that a theory is built based on the facts already known, then dibauat a model that can explain these facts, then theories and models are used to predict the facts as yet unknown, and the forecast is tested through observation, and if the observation according to the forecast the theory was used. How many observations are required in order to be considered valid theory ?. Einstein said it this way: "millions of observations can be used to prove that the theory is true, but enough of one observation to prove it wrong".

For instance, in European nations each look geese always white. Starting from his grandfather grandfather father's father's grandfather, all seeing white swans. It was concluded that "all swans are white". How many geese are needed to prove the truth of this theory ?, unlimited. But enough of the black swan's tail to prove that theory wrong.

Then if GUT it could indeed explain everything ?, not, and never will. You can not use GUT to determine when a barking dog, or any State, who won the world cup in 2214 nati, and many other things. Someday we get to GUT, then it is a step forward, not the end of physics.

Likewise, the physicists have ever been, in 1921, arrogantly saying that physics is over, and die, for all the secrets have been revealed. But not so long ago came the particle-wave duality puzzling and Heisenberg's uncertainty phenomenal, to the quantum mechanics prick. Physics back vital, not so dead.

There is a strange trait in this physics experts. You do not need to prove that a theory is true, what is needed is proof that the theory was wrong. Throughout the theory can not be proven wrong, it is considered valid.

The human mind is limited but there is no limit. As the earth's surface that limited extent but there is no end. No one had ever fallen at the end of the earth right ?.

Later GUT is the work of the limited human brain indefinitely.

-Good thinking-